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Knative Source for Apache Kafka

stage version

The KafkaSource reads messages stored in existing Apache Kafka topics, and sends those messages as CloudEvents through HTTP to its configured sink. The KafkaSource preserves the order of the messages stored in the topic partitions. It does this by waiting for a successful response from the sink before it delivers the next message in the same partition.

Install the KafkaSource controller

  1. Install the KafkaSource controller by entering the following command:

    kubectl apply -f https://github.com/knative-extensions/eventing-kafka-broker/releases/download/knative-v1.16.1/eventing-kafka-controller.yaml
    
  2. Install the Kafka Source data plane by entering the following command:

    kubectl apply -f https://github.com/knative-extensions/eventing-kafka-broker/releases/download/knative-v1.16.1/eventing-kafka-source.yaml
    
  3. Verify that kafka-controller and kafka-source-dispatcher are running, by entering the following command:

    kubectl get deployments.apps,statefulsets.apps -n knative-eventing
    

    Example output:

    NAME                                           READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
    deployment.apps/kafka-controller               1/1     1            1           3s
    
    NAME                                       READY   AGE
    statefulset.apps/kafka-source-dispatcher   1/1     3s
    

Optional: Create a Kafka topic

Note

The create a Kafka topic section assumes you're using Strimzi to operate Apache Kafka, however equivalent operations can be replicated using the Apache Kafka CLI or any other tool.

If you are using Strimzi:

  1. Create a KafkaTopic YAML file:

    apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
    kind: KafkaTopic
    metadata:
      name: knative-demo-topic
      namespace: kafka
      labels:
        strimzi.io/cluster: my-cluster
    spec:
      partitions: 3
      replicas: 1
      config:
        retention.ms: 7200000
        segment.bytes: 1073741824
    
  2. Deploy the KafkaTopic YAML file by running the command:

    kubectl apply -f <filename>.yaml
    
    Where <filename> is the name of your KafkaTopic YAML file.

    Example output:

    kafkatopic.kafka.strimzi.io/knative-demo-topic created
    

  3. Ensure that the KafkaTopic is running by running the command:

    kubectl -n kafka get kafkatopics.kafka.strimzi.io
    

    Example output:

    NAME                 CLUSTER      PARTITIONS   REPLICATION FACTOR
    knative-demo-topic   my-cluster   3            1
    

Create a Service

  1. Create the event-display Service as a YAML file:

    apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: event-display
      namespace: default
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          containers:
            - # This corresponds to
              # https://github.com/knative/eventing/tree/main/cmd/event_display/main.go
              image: gcr.io/knative-releases/knative.dev/eventing/cmd/event_display
    
  2. Apply the YAML file by running the command:

    kubectl apply -f <filename>.yaml
    
    Where <filename> is the name of the file you created in the previous step.

    Example output:

    service.serving.knative.dev/event-display created
    

  3. Ensure that the Service Pod is running, by running the command:

    kubectl get pods
    

    The Pod name is prefixed with event-display:

    NAME                                            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    event-display-00001-deployment-5d5df6c7-gv2j4   2/2       Running   0          72s
    

Kafka event source

  1. Modify source/event-source.yaml accordingly with bootstrap servers, topics, and so on:

    apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
    kind: KafkaSource
    metadata:
      name: kafka-source
    spec:
      consumerGroup: knative-group
      bootstrapServers:
      - my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
      topics:
      - knative-demo-topic
      sink:
        ref:
          apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
          kind: Service
          name: event-display
    
  2. Deploy the event source:

    kubectl apply -f event-source.yaml
    

    Example output:

    kafkasource.sources.knative.dev/kafka-source created
    

  3. Verify that the KafkaSource is ready:

    kubectl get kafkasource kafka-source
    

    Example output:

    NAME           TOPICS                   BOOTSTRAPSERVERS                            READY   REASON   AGE
    kafka-source   ["knative-demo-topic"]   ["my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092"]   True             26h
    

Scaling

To schedule more or fewer consumers, a KafkaSource can be scaled, and they can be allocated to different dispatcher pods. The kafkasource status displays such allocation under the status.placements key.

You can scale a KafkaSource with kubectl by using the following notation:

kubectl scale kafkasource -n <ns> <kafkasource-name> --replicas=<number-of-replicas> # e.g. 12 replicas for a topic with 12 partitions

Alternatively, if you are using a GitOps approach, you can add the consumers key as shown in the example below and commit it to your repository:

    apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
    kind: KafkaSource
    metadata:
      name: kafka-source
    spec:
      consumerGroup: knative-group
      bootstrapServers:
      - my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 
      consumers: 12    # Number of replicas
      topics:
      - knative-demo-topic
      sink:
        ref:
          apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
          kind: Service
          name: event-display

Automatic Scaling with KEDA

You are able to autoscale the KafkaSource with KEDA. For information on how to enable and configure this feature, please read the instructions here.

Verify

  1. Produce a message ({"msg": "This is a test!"}) to the Apache Kafka topic as in the following example:

    kubectl -n kafka run kafka-producer -ti --image=strimzi/kafka:0.14.0-kafka-2.3.0 --rm=true --restart=Never -- bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap:9092 --topic knative-demo-topic
    

    Tip

    If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing Enter.

  2. Verify that the Service received the message from the event source:

    kubectl logs --selector='serving.knative.dev/service=event-display' -c user-container
    

    Example output:

    ☁️ cloudevents.Event
    Validation: valid
    Context Attributes,
      specversion: 1.0
      type: dev.knative.kafka.event
      source: /apis/v1/namespaces/default/kafkasources/kafka-source#my-topic
      subject: partition:0#564
      id: partition:0/offset:564
      time: 2020-02-10T18:10:23.861866615Z
      datacontenttype: application/json
    Extensions,
      key:
    Data,
        {
          "msg": "This is a test!"
        }
    

Handling Delivery Failures

The KafkaSource implements the Delivery Specificiation, allowing you to configure event delivery parameters for it, which are applied in cases where an event fails to be delivered:

    apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
    kind: KafkaSource
    metadata:
      name: kafka-source
    spec:
      consumerGroup: knative-group
      bootstrapServers:
      - my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
      topics:
      - knative-demo-topic
      delivery:
        deadLetterSink:
          ref:
            apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
            kind: Service
            name: example-sink
        backoffDelay: <duration>
        backoffPolicy: <policy-type>
        retry: <integer>
      sink:
        ref:
          apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
          kind: Service
          name: event-display

The delivery API is discussed in the Handling Delivery Failure chapter.

Optional: Specify the key deserializer

When KafkaSource receives a message from Kafka, it dumps the key in the Event extension called Key and dumps Kafka message headers in the extensions starting with kafkaheader.

You can specify the key deserializer among four types:

  • string (default) for UTF-8 encoded strings
  • int for 32-bit & 64-bit signed integers
  • float for 32-bit & 64-bit floating points
  • byte-array for a Base64 encoded byte array

To specify the key deserializer, add the label kafkasources.sources.knative.dev/key-type to the KafkaSource definition, as shown in the following example:

apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
kind: KafkaSource
metadata:
name: kafka-source
labels:
  kafkasources.sources.knative.dev/key-type: int
spec:
consumerGroup: knative-group
bootstrapServers:
- my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
topics:
- knative-demo-topic
sink:
  ref:
    apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
    kind: Service
    name: event-display

Optional: Specify the initial offset

By default the KafkaSource starts consuming from the latest offset in each partition. If you want to consume from the earliest offset, set the initialOffset field to earliest, for example:

apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
kind: KafkaSource
metadata:
  name: kafka-source
spec:
consumerGroup: knative-group
initialOffset: earliest
bootstrapServers:
- my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
topics:
- knative-demo-topic
sink:
  ref:
    apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
    kind: Service
    name: event-display

Note

The valid values for initialOffset are earliest and latest. Any other value results in a validation error. This field is honored only if there are no committed offsets for that consumer group.

Connecting to a TLS-enabled Kafka Broker

The KafkaSource supports TLS and SASL authentication methods. To enable TLS authentication, you must have the following files:

  • CA Certificate
  • Client Certificate and Key

KafkaSource expects these files to be in PEM format. If they are in another format, such as JKS, convert them to PEM.

  1. Create the certificate files as secrets in the namespace where KafkaSource is going to be set up, by running the commands:

    kubectl create secret generic cacert --from-file=caroot.pem
    
    kubectl create secret tls kafka-secret --cert=certificate.pem --key=key.pem
    
  2. Apply the KafkaSource. Modify the bootstrapServers and topics fields accordingly.

    apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
    kind: KafkaSource
    metadata:
     name: kafka-source-with-tls
    spec:
     net:
       tls:
         enable: true
         cert:
           secretKeyRef:
             key: tls.crt
             name: kafka-secret
         key:
           secretKeyRef:
             key: tls.key
             name: kafka-secret
         caCert:
           secretKeyRef:
             key: caroot.pem
             name: cacert
     consumerGroup: knative-group
     bootstrapServers:
     - my-secure-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:443
     topics:
     - knative-demo-topic
     sink:
       ref:
         apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
         kind: Service
         name: event-display
    

Enabling SASL for KafkaSources

Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) is used by Apache Kafka for authentication. If you use SASL authentication on your cluster, users must provide credentials to Knative for communicating with the Kafka cluster, otherwise events cannot be produced or consumed.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to a Kafka cluster that has Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL).

Procedure

  1. Create a secret that uses the Kafka cluster's SASL information, by running the following commands:

    STRIMZI_CRT=$(kubectl -n kafka get secret example-cluster-cluster-ca-cert --template='{{index.data "ca.crt"}}' | base64 --decode )
    
    SASL_PASSWD=$(kubectl -n kafka get secret example-user --template='{{index.data "password"}}' | base64 --decode )
    
    kubectl create secret -n default generic <secret_name> \
        --from-literal=ca.crt="$STRIMZI_CRT" \
        --from-literal=password="$SASL_PASSWD" \
        --from-literal=saslType="SCRAM-SHA-512" \
        --from-literal=user="example-user"
    
  2. Create or modify a KafkaSource so that it contains the following spec options:

    apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
    kind: KafkaSource
    metadata:
      name: example-source
    spec:
    ...
      net:
        sasl:
          enable: true
          user:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: <secret_name>
              key: user
          password:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: <secret_name>
              key: password
          type:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: <secret_name>
              key: saslType
        tls:
          enable: true
          caCert:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: <secret_name>
              key: ca.crt
    ...
    

    Where <secret_name> is the name of the secret generated in the previous step.

Clean up steps

  1. Delete the Kafka event source:

    kubectl delete -f source/source.yaml kafkasource.sources.knative.dev
    

    Example output:

    "kafka-source" deleted
    

  2. Delete the event-display Service:

    kubectl delete -f source/event-display.yaml service.serving.knative.dev
    

    Example output:

    "event-display" deleted
    

  3. Optional: Remove the Apache Kafka Topic

    kubectl delete -f kafka-topic.yaml
    

    Example output:

    kafkatopic.kafka.strimzi.io "knative-demo-topic" deleted
    

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